RANGE OF ACTION:
Penicillin G:
This narrow, some Gram + cocci (streptococci); cocci Gram – (meningitis, gonorrhea); Gram + bacterium (Listeria, Corynebacterium); strict anaerobic Gram positive bacterium (Clostridium) and spirochetes (Treponema, Leptospira).
Penicillin M:
Spectrum identical to that of penicillin G plus an activity on penicillinase-producing staphylococci but Meti-S.
Penicillin A:
Streptococci; meningitis; BGN (Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae).
Cephalosporins:
G1, 2
Most Gram-positive cocci (in particular staphylococci Meti-R); few bacilli Gram – (Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Proteus …)
G3:
Very active meningococcus, gonococcal, streptococci; Gram-negative bacilli.
Aminoglycosides:
Gram + cocci (Staph Meti-S …) cocci Gram -; gram positive bacilli and the majority of Gram negative rods (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas …).
Macrolides:
Intracellular bacteria (chlamydia, rickettsia);mycoplasma; Treponema; streptococci; staphylococci;Corynebacterium, Clostridium.
Quinolones:
Intracellular bacteria (Legionella …) Gram bacilli – (KES, Pseudomonas inconstant); staph Meti-S; meningococcal and gonococcal …
Phenicols:
Gram positive cocci; Listeria; Enterobacteriaceae; Haemophilus influenzae; spirochetes; intracellular bacteria;anaerobes.
Cyclins:
Intracellular bacteria (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Brucella); spirochetes (Leptospira …) Vibrio cholerae
Rifamycin:
Mycobacteria; Gram-positive bacteria (Staph including Meti-R; streptococcus meningitis …) certain Gram – (Legionella, Brucella)
Glycopeptides:
Narrow spectrum: staphylococcus (even ori-R), enterococci, streptococci, anaerobic Gram (even C. difficile), Corynebacterium.
– Penicillin G is ineffective against Gram-negative bacilli
– Penicillinase produced by staphylococci does not inactivate penicillins M, carbapenems, cephalosporins, or inhibitors of beta-lactamases.
– Germs resistant to aminopenicillin: KES germs (Klebsiellas, Enterobacter, Serratia), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, bacteroide.
– The carboxypénicillines (Ticarcillin) and ureidopenicillin (piperacillin)
– For cephalosporins first and second generation of the tissue distribution is good except in the CSF. They are less active than penicillin G against streptococci and enterococci inactive.
– The enterococci, Listeria Meti-R and staphylococci are always resistant to cephalosporins regardless of their generation.
– Cefotaxime is not very active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas the opposite is true for ceftazidime (Fortum®)
– Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas are always resistant to macrolides. Best anti-Staph activity for synergistines.
– Spectinomycin is an aminoglycoside that has an anti-gonococcal elective activity.
– Aminoglycosides should always be used in combination. They are used in the majority of severe sepsis aerobic germ: BGN, Staph. They are little used in meningitis (except Listeria) and pneumonia due to their poor dissemination.
– Fluoroquinolones are inactive against streptococci, anaerobic, and on much METI-R staphylococci
– Phenicols: bacteriostatic; broad spectrum; tissue distribution (including meningitis) and intracellular excellent.
– Myelosuppression is dose dependent very rare; it is unpredictable (regardless occur several months after the judgment); it is observed that for chloramphenicol (half in half of the cases).
– Glycopeptides vancomycin, teicoplanin